Urinary Issues in Cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Urinary problems in cats are common and can range from mild infections to life-threatening blockages. At Willowbrook Veterinary Hospital, we’re here to help you recognize the signs, understand the causes, and take proactive steps to protect your cat’s urinary health.


Common Urinary Problems in Cats

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

  • Bacterial infections in the urinary tract, more common in older cats or those with underlying conditions like diabetes.

2. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)

  • A broad term for urinary problems, including inflammation, infections, or bladder issues, often without a clear cause.

3. Urinary Blockages

  • A life-threatening condition where the urethra becomes blocked, preventing urination. More common in male cats.

4. Bladder Stones

  • Hard mineral deposits that can cause pain, blood in the urine, and potential blockages.


Causes of Urinary Problems in Cats

  • Dehydration: Concentrated urine increases the risk of stones and infections.
  • Diet: Poor-quality diets or excessive minerals can contribute to bladder stones.
  • Stress: Changes in routine, new pets, or household disruptions can trigger urinary issues.
  • Obesity: Overweight cats may be more prone to FLUTD.
  • Medical Conditions: Diabetes, kidney disease, or hyperthyroidism can increase urinary risks.


Are Certain Cats More Prone to Urinary Issues?

  • Male cats: More likely to develop urinary blockages due to a narrower urethra.
  • Certain breeds: Persian, Siamese, and Burmese cats have a higher risk of urinary stones.
  • Middle-aged, overweight, or indoor cats: Higher risk for FLUTD and urinary issues.

Signs of Urinary Problems in Cats

Watch for these symptoms:

  • Straining to urinate (may look like constipation)
  • Frequent trips to the litter box with little urine output
  • Blood in urine (pink or red discoloration)
  • Urinating outside the litter box (a sign of pain or discomfort)
  • Excessive licking of the genital area


Is My Cat’s Urinary Problem an Emergency?

Seek immediate veterinary care if your cat:

  • Cannot urinate at all (this may indicate a blockage).
  • Cries out in pain while trying to urinate.
  • Shows extreme lethargy, vomiting, or a swollen abdomen.

A urinary blockage is a medical emergency that can become fatal within 24-48 hours.


How Do Veterinarians Diagnose Urinary Problems?

  • Urinalysis: Examines urine for infection, blood, crystals, or inflammation.
  • X-rays or ultrasound: Detects bladder stones or tumors.
  • Blood tests: Checks kidney function and signs of systemic illness.
  • Urine culture: Identifies bacteria causing an infection.


Treatment Options for Urinary Problems

Treatment depends on the cause:

  • Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
  • Pain relief & anti-inflammatory medication: To ease discomfort.
  • Prescription diet changes: To dissolve bladder stones or prevent recurrences.
  • Increased hydration: Encouraging water intake to flush the urinary tract.
  • Surgery or catheterization: Required for severe blockages or large bladder stones.


How Are Urinary Blockages Treated?

  1. Emergency catheterization: To remove the blockage and flush the bladder.
  2. IV fluids: To restore hydration and flush toxins.
  3. Pain management & anti-inflammatories: To reduce discomfort.
  4. Surgery (perineal urethrostomy - PU): In severe, recurrent cases, a surgical procedure may be needed to widen the urethra.


The Link Between Stress & Urinary Health

Stress can trigger a condition called Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC), which causes bladder inflammation without infection. Managing stress can prevent flare-ups:

  • Provide a stable environment and consistent routine.
  • Use pheromone diffusers (like Feliway) and Calming Care probiotics to reduce anxiety
  • Offer multiple clean litter boxes in quiet areas.


Preventing Urinary Problems in Cats

  • Ensure proper hydration: Offer fresh water daily and consider a pet fountain.
  • Feed a high-quality diet: Veterinary diets can prevent stones and inflammation.
  • Keep litter boxes clean: Dirty boxes can deter urination.
  • Encourage regular activity: Helps maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress.


The Role of Diet in Urinary Health

A balanced diet can prevent urinary issues:

  • Prescription urinary diets lower the risk of bladder stones and inflammation.
  • Wet food increases water intake and dilutes urine.
  • Avoid excess magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium, which can contribute to stone formation.


Hydration: The Key to Urinary Health

Cats naturally have a low thirst drive, so encouraging water intake is crucial:

  • Provide multiple water bowls around the house.
  • Use a cat water fountain to encourage drinking.
  • Feed wet food to increase moisture intake.


Can Urinary Problems Become Chronic?

Yes, some cats experience recurrent urinary issues, especially with conditions like FIC or bladder stones. Long-term management includes:

  • Prescription diets tailored to urinary health.
  • Stress reduction strategies.
  • Regular vet check-ups to monitor for early signs of problems.


Monitoring Your Cat’s Urinary Health

  • Watch litter box habits: Changes in frequency or difficulty urinating are red flags.
  • Use clumping litter: It helps identify blood or abnormal urine consistency.
  • Consider urine pH test strips: Some owners monitor urine acidity at home.


Can a UTI Resolve on Its Own?

A mild infection may improve, but untreated UTIs can lead to complications. Always consult your vet to determine if antibiotics or other treatments are necessary.


What If My Cat Has Recurring Urinary Issues?

If your cat continues to have urinary problems:

  • Switch to a prescription urinary diet.
  • Increase water intake through wet food and water bowls.
  • Consider stress-reducing techniques if FIC is suspected.
  • Discuss long-term treatment options with your vet.

Are Male Cats More Prone to Urinary Blockages?

Yes, male cats are at higher risk because their urethras are narrower, making them more prone to blockages.


What Is Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC)?

FIC is bladder inflammation with no infection or obvious cause. It’s commonly triggered by stress and requires a combination of:

  • Environmental enrichment (reducing stress).
  • Dietary changes.
  • Pain management during flare-ups.
  • Anxiety support including Feliway pheromone diffusers and Calming Care probiotics


When Should I Take My Cat to the Vet?

Schedule an appointment if your cat shows:

  • Straining to urinate or frequent attempts.
  • Blood in the urine.
  • Excessive licking of the genital area.
  • Peeing outside the litter box.
  • Reduced appetite or signs of discomfort.

Seek emergency care if your cat is unable to urinate!


Compassionate Urinary Care at Willowbrook Veterinary Hospital

If your cat is showing signs of urinary issues, we’re here to help. Our team offers advanced diagnostics, treatment, and long-term management strategies to keep your cat happy and healthy.

If you have questions, we would love to answer them for you. Please give us a call at the office at (503) 968-2911, or you can email us at [email protected]. Our staff would love to talk with you!

Request Appointment

Call us today to schedule an appointment!

Verified and Authorized By Dr. Sarah Dougherty